Willingness to pay for reliable piped water services: evidence from urban Ghana

The primary objective of this research is to estimate the willingness pay in Ghana for reliable piped water services. Three competing economic valuation approaches are used do this: contingent method (CVM), hedonic pricing (HPM) and travel cost (TCM). These methods allow easy robustness tests estimates serves as an improvement on previous research. Using survey data from a sample 1,650 urban households, we obtain households every month services of: GHS 47.80 or US$15.25 44.73 US$14.27 22.72 US$725 Such sums account 3–8% household income. empirical calculations then inform policy choices by determining viability participation private sector Ghana.